The National Gallery of Art features a vast collection organized into 22 categories, including Impressionism, 17th-Century Dutch Painting, Abstract Expressionism, Baroque, British Painting, Conceptual Art, Cubism, D.C. Artists, Early American Painting, Expressionism, Fauvism, Harlem Renaissance, Hudson River School, and the Index of American Design.

In relation to Impressionism, visitors can experience works by Claude Monet such as The Artist's Garden at Vétheuil, Rouen Cathedral, West Façade, and Woman with a Parasol - Madame Monet and Her Son. Additionally, the collection includes featured works such as The Railway and Plum Brandy by Edouard Manet, The Dance Class by Edgar Degas, and Roses by Vincent van Gogh. Furthermore, the museum features works by numerous European masters including El Greco, Matthias Grünewald, Cranach the Elder, Rogier van der Weyden, Albrecht Dürer, Frans Hals, Rembrandt, Johannes Vermeer, Francisco Goya, Jean Auguste Dominique Ingres, and Eugène Delacroix, alongside a collection of works by Auguste Rodin and Edgar Degas, and prints by artists such as Albrecht Dürer, Rembrandt, Giovanni Battista Piranesi, William Blake, Mary Cassatt, Edvard Munch, Jasper Johns, and Robert Rauschenberg.